@prefix ns1: <https://martial.is/entity/> .
@prefix ns2: <https://w3id.org/martialis/ontology#> .
@prefix ns3: <https://w3id.org/martialis/vocab/style-relation/> .
@prefix ns4: <https://w3id.org/martialis/vocab/source-ref-type/> .
@prefix ns5: <https://w3id.org/martialis/vocab/evidence-weight/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ns6: <https://martial.is/agent/> .
@prefix ns7: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix schema: <https://schema.org/> .

ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9W a ns2:Style ;
    ns7:wasDerivedFrom ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    schema:alternateName "Shuaijiao"@en, "Kuai Jiao"@en, "Chinese wrestling"@en ;
    schema:description "Shuai jiao is the ancient jacket-wrestling wushu style of China, with regional traditions in\nBeijing, Tianjin, Baoding (where the fast-throwing kuai jiao variant developed), and Shanxi.\nAncient Chinese wrestling terminology (jiaodi, jiaoli) is documented from the Zhou dynasty\nonward, and a widely repeated Republican-era account presents shuai jiao as its unbroken\ncontinuation - a narrative now generally read by historians as a Han-nationalist revision\ndating to anti-Qing sentiment of the early 20th century (see the derived_from Bökh relation\nbelow for the competing account of its immediate ancestry). What is not contested is the\nQing-era institutional lineage: the Manchu adopted Mongol bökh as buku (布庫) and formed the\nShan Pu Ying (善撲營), an elite imperial wrestling battalion; after the dynasty's fall in 1912,\nformer battalion members taught Han and Hui civilians in Beijing, Tianjin, and Baoding. Ma\nLiang formalised the art in 1917 through the manual Zhonghua Xin Wushu (中華新武術), and the\nCentral Guoshu Institute fixed the name \"shuai jiao\" and standardised competition rules in\n1928. It remains a recognised discipline of Chinese wushu, governed alongside sanda by the\nsame national and international wushu bodies, and continues to be taught in Chinese police\nand military academies.\n"@en, "摔跤是中國古老的著衣摔跤武術，有北京、天津、保定（快跤）、山西等地方傳統。清代滿族將蒙古式摔跤\n（博克）稱為布庫，並組建善撲營。1912年清朝滅亡後，善撲營成員向北京、天津、保定的漢族及回族平民\n傳授技藝。1917年馬良編著《中華新武術》使該武術系統化，1928年中央國術館確定「摔跤」之名並標準化\n比賽規則。摔跤現為中國武術的正式項目之一，與散打同受國家及國際武術機構管轄。\n"@zh ;
    schema:keywords "chinese-martial-arts", "jacket-wrestling", "wrestling", "wushu", "shuai-jiao" ;
    schema:name "摔跤"@zh, "Shuāijiāo"@zh-latn, "Shuai Jiao"@en ;
    schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280502> ;
    ns2:foundedEvent _:b1095 ;
    ns2:hasEvidence _:b1097 ;
    ns2:hasStyleRelationAssertion _:b1101, _:b1098 ;
    ns2:styleType <https://w3id.org/martialis/vocab/style-classification/traditional> ;
    ns2:variantOf ns1:01KYHQNWJF0CZFH1SXM9J40XEJ .
_:b1101 a ns2:StyleRelationAssertion ;
    ns7:wasDerivedFrom ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9Y, ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    ns2:hasConfidence _:b1102 ;
    ns2:hasEvidence _:b1104, _:b1103 ;
    ns2:object ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9Z ;
    ns2:researchNote "Does not exclude older Han wrestling traditions (jiaodi/jiaoli) from having also fed into shuai jiao's technical vocabulary; the claim here is specifically about the Shan Pu Ying institutional lineage that produced the Beijing style codified in 1917-1928, not about the deeper multi-millennial ancestry, which is deliberately not modelled as an entity in this database - reifying it would invite a spurious continuity edge that the sources don't support." ;
    ns2:styleRelationType ns3:derived_from ;
    ns2:subject ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9W .
_:b1104 a ns2:SourceAssertionRelation ;
    ns2:basedOnSource ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9Y ;
    ns2:evidenceWeight ns5:medium ;
    ns2:quotation "According [to] Li Baoru, Shuai Jiao comes directly from Mongol Bokh" ;
    ns2:sourceRefType ns4:secondary ;
    ns2:supports true .
_:b1103 a ns2:SourceAssertionRelation ;
    ns2:basedOnSource ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    ns2:evidenceWeight ns5:high ;
    ns2:quotation "This is in essence the lineage from the Manchu buku style that was practiced by the Imperial Guards Brigade, Shan Pu Ying" ;
    ns2:sourceRefType ns4:secondary ;
    ns2:supports true .
_:b1102 a ns2:Confidence ;
    ns7:wasAttributedTo ns6:FSM ;
    ns2:assessedBy ns6:FSM ;
    ns2:confidenceLevel "2"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> ;
    ns2:confidenceRationale "English Wikipedia states the Beijing lineage is \"in essence the lineage from the Manchu buku style that was practiced by the Imperial Guards Brigade, Shan Pu Ying\" - Manchu buku being their adoption of Mongol bökh. Beijing shuai jiao elder Li Baoru is separately reported (video-recorded, per the Bokhin Ayin source) stating shuai jiao \"comes directly from Mongol Bokh\". Held at Probable rather than Confirmed because this is one side of a live historiographical dispute: the competing claim of an unbroken multi-millennial Han lineage from jiaodi/jiaoli (see description) is the mainstream popular account in Chinese- language sources, even though the Bökh-descent account is better evidenced institutionally and linguistically (Mongolian bökh -> Manchu buku is a documented loanword chain). Recorded as derived_from rather than a stronger claim precisely because the ancestry is contested, not settled - confidence, not vocabulary, carries that uncertainty." .
_:b1098 a ns2:StyleRelationAssertion ;
    ns7:wasDerivedFrom ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    ns2:hasConfidence _:b1099 ;
    ns2:hasEvidence _:b1100 ;
    ns2:object ns1:01KYHQNWJF0CZFH1SXM9J40XEJ ;
    ns2:styleRelationType ns3:variant_of ;
    ns2:subject ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9W .
_:b1100 a ns2:SourceAssertionRelation ;
    ns2:basedOnSource ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    ns2:evidenceWeight ns5:high ;
    ns2:quotation "Shuai jiao ... is the term pertaining to the ancient jacket wrestling wushu style ... The art continues to be taught in the police and military academies of China." ;
    ns2:sourceRefType ns4:secondary ;
    ns2:supports true .
_:b1099 a ns2:Confidence ;
    ns7:wasAttributedTo ns6:FSM ;
    ns2:assessedBy ns6:FSM ;
    ns2:confidenceLevel "3"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> ;
    ns2:confidenceRationale "Practitioner-inheritance test passes: shuai jiao is a governed discipline of the Chinese Wushu Association (present in this database) and of the International Wushu Federation, competed at national wushu games alongside the striking styles, not an independently administered outside tradition - this is institutional membership, not folk usage of \"kung fu\". Note: shuai jiao is not additionally modelled as variant_of Wrestling.yaml - that node is scoped in this database to the Western/Olympic wrestling lineage (Greco-Roman, freestyle, folkstyle, catch, submission wrestling), not as a catch-all for every national grappling tradition, so East Asian wrestling forms (shuai jiao, judo, sumo) are deliberately excluded from it regardless of how English usage sometimes groups them together." .
_:b1097 a ns2:SourceAssertionRelation ;
    ns2:basedOnSource ns1:01M0TQQ4D975QSE0N8QCTF2K9X ;
    ns2:coversProperty schema:alternateName, schema:description, ns2:foundedEvent, ns2:hasStyleRelationAssertion, schema:name ;
    ns2:evidenceWeight ns5:high ;
    ns2:sourceRefType ns4:secondary ;
    ns2:supports true .
_:b1095 a ns2:LifeEvent ;
    schema:location _:b1096 .
_:b1096 schema:addressCountry <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/CHN> .